What is the standard way to address written statements presented as evidence in a civil case?Is there any way...

What's a good word to describe a public place that looks like it wouldn't be rough?

Do authors have to be politically correct in article-writing?

Am I a Rude Number?

How to deal with an incendiary email that was recalled

Why are the books in the Game of Thrones citadel library shelved spine inwards?

Is boss over stepping boundary/micromanaging?

Eww, those bytes are gross

What is the most fuel efficient way out of the Solar System?

kill -0 <PID> は何をするのでしょうか?

Cookies - Should the toggles be on?

What is a good reason for every spaceship to carry a weapon on board?

Odd 74HCT1G125 behaviour

What evolutionary advantage do viruses have in host specificity?

Dilemma of explaining to interviewer that he is the reason for declining second interview

What is the use of 'de' preposition in 'Yo voy *de* compras todos los sábados'

Is there a weight limit to Feather Fall?

Quickly creating a sparse array

What does it mean for a caliber to be flat shooting?

How to make ice magic work from a scientific point of view?

Why did the villain in the first Men in Black movie care about Earth's Cockroaches?

What are the exceptions to Natural Selection?

How old is the day of 24 equal hours?

Has any human ever had the choice to leave Earth permanently?

How do you funnel food off a cutting board?



What is the standard way to address written statements presented as evidence in a civil case?


Is there any way to bring a criminal case before the grand jury without the support of the Prosecuting Attorney?What does “declare under penalty of perjury” mean within a federal civil case?What are the statutes of limitation for civil lawsuits regarding utility bills between roommates?What is the anatomy of a small claims case?What are the limits on categorising someone's statements as 'hatred' in regard to freedom of speech?What is the correct way of communicating with the Family Court in the UK?What is it called when a petitioner in a civil case asks for ruling on a point of law?Why was video evidence released after the trial ended in the Daniel Shaver murder case?What is the legal standard of proof required for US citizenship?Is it common to have both a criminal case and a civil case for the same incident?













1















A friend of mine is suing someone. I (and others) witnessed all of the violations that are claimed, but I'm unable to attend the hearing in person for various reasons (mainly that I've moved out of state).



I'm writing a statement for my friend to present in the case, and wasn't sure how to address it. My plan was to use



To Whom It May Concern


or



To All Interested Parties:


or



To the court


or



Dear <Judge's Name>,


or



Your honor, complainants, respondents, and witnesses:


But I don't know that any of these are considered appropriate. Most likely I will choose the first.



What is the standard form of address in written statements to be presented during civil proceedings? Also, who is actually being addressed here?










share|improve this question









New contributor




Hugo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.

























    1















    A friend of mine is suing someone. I (and others) witnessed all of the violations that are claimed, but I'm unable to attend the hearing in person for various reasons (mainly that I've moved out of state).



    I'm writing a statement for my friend to present in the case, and wasn't sure how to address it. My plan was to use



    To Whom It May Concern


    or



    To All Interested Parties:


    or



    To the court


    or



    Dear <Judge's Name>,


    or



    Your honor, complainants, respondents, and witnesses:


    But I don't know that any of these are considered appropriate. Most likely I will choose the first.



    What is the standard form of address in written statements to be presented during civil proceedings? Also, who is actually being addressed here?










    share|improve this question









    New contributor




    Hugo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
    Check out our Code of Conduct.























      1












      1








      1








      A friend of mine is suing someone. I (and others) witnessed all of the violations that are claimed, but I'm unable to attend the hearing in person for various reasons (mainly that I've moved out of state).



      I'm writing a statement for my friend to present in the case, and wasn't sure how to address it. My plan was to use



      To Whom It May Concern


      or



      To All Interested Parties:


      or



      To the court


      or



      Dear <Judge's Name>,


      or



      Your honor, complainants, respondents, and witnesses:


      But I don't know that any of these are considered appropriate. Most likely I will choose the first.



      What is the standard form of address in written statements to be presented during civil proceedings? Also, who is actually being addressed here?










      share|improve this question









      New contributor




      Hugo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.












      A friend of mine is suing someone. I (and others) witnessed all of the violations that are claimed, but I'm unable to attend the hearing in person for various reasons (mainly that I've moved out of state).



      I'm writing a statement for my friend to present in the case, and wasn't sure how to address it. My plan was to use



      To Whom It May Concern


      or



      To All Interested Parties:


      or



      To the court


      or



      Dear <Judge's Name>,


      or



      Your honor, complainants, respondents, and witnesses:


      But I don't know that any of these are considered appropriate. Most likely I will choose the first.



      What is the standard form of address in written statements to be presented during civil proceedings? Also, who is actually being addressed here?







      united-states california civil-procedure






      share|improve this question









      New contributor




      Hugo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.











      share|improve this question









      New contributor




      Hugo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.









      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question








      edited 5 hours ago







      Hugo













      New contributor




      Hugo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.









      asked 5 hours ago









      HugoHugo

      1063




      1063




      New contributor




      Hugo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.





      New contributor





      Hugo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.






      Hugo is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
      Check out our Code of Conduct.






















          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          2















          How should I address a statement to be presented as evidence in a civil case?




          The way of addressing the readers is irrelevant. What matters is that the statements your affidavit (which is what you really should produce) be concise and unequivocal so that it is not discarded for purposes of fact-finding.



          Your affidavit will (or at least it should) be read by the judge, the jury, all parties/lawyers in the case, and (if the ruling of the case is appealed) judges in upper courts. Witnesses and other non-parties are also likely to read your testimony. In fact, you can only expect the defendant(s) through counsel(s) will dispute your credibility in their attempt to impeach/strike your testimony.






          share|improve this answer































            1














            As the answer by Iñaki Viggers says, you should submit an affidavit, not simply a letter to the court. An unsworn letter will probably not be admissible at all.



            It is common for a witness to tell his or her story to the lawyer for the side that wishes to use the affidavit, and for the lawyer to then draft the actual affidavit in such a way that it will be acceptable to the court where it will be used. Then the lawyer sends it to the affiant (the person who would be a witness if s/he came to court, who is making the affidavit) with instructions. Generally an affidavit must be notarized or otherwise sworn to in front of an appropriate official.



            However, a person can draft his or her own affidavit. It is usual for it to be headed with the name and case number of the case where it will be used. It should include a statement that everything in it is true, and that the affiant swears (or affirms) this under penalty of perjury. It should include only relevant facts that the affiant has personally witnessed, not anything heard from anyone else, or guessed at or deduced.



            The facts should be stated clearly and simply.



            The affidavit should be signed in the presence of a notary, who will witness the signature and the oath that the contents are true.



            This WikiHow page describes the process in detail, with a template form.






            share|improve this answer























              Your Answer








              StackExchange.ready(function() {
              var channelOptions = {
              tags: "".split(" "),
              id: "617"
              };
              initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

              StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
              // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
              if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
              StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
              createEditor();
              });
              }
              else {
              createEditor();
              }
              });

              function createEditor() {
              StackExchange.prepareEditor({
              heartbeatType: 'answer',
              autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
              convertImagesToLinks: false,
              noModals: true,
              showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
              reputationToPostImages: null,
              bindNavPrevention: true,
              postfix: "",
              imageUploader: {
              brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
              contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
              allowUrls: true
              },
              noCode: true, onDemand: true,
              discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
              ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
              });


              }
              });






              Hugo is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.










              draft saved

              draft discarded


















              StackExchange.ready(
              function () {
              StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2flaw.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f37685%2fwhat-is-the-standard-way-to-address-written-statements-presented-as-evidence-in%23new-answer', 'question_page');
              }
              );

              Post as a guest















              Required, but never shown

























              2 Answers
              2






              active

              oldest

              votes








              2 Answers
              2






              active

              oldest

              votes









              active

              oldest

              votes






              active

              oldest

              votes









              2















              How should I address a statement to be presented as evidence in a civil case?




              The way of addressing the readers is irrelevant. What matters is that the statements your affidavit (which is what you really should produce) be concise and unequivocal so that it is not discarded for purposes of fact-finding.



              Your affidavit will (or at least it should) be read by the judge, the jury, all parties/lawyers in the case, and (if the ruling of the case is appealed) judges in upper courts. Witnesses and other non-parties are also likely to read your testimony. In fact, you can only expect the defendant(s) through counsel(s) will dispute your credibility in their attempt to impeach/strike your testimony.






              share|improve this answer




























                2















                How should I address a statement to be presented as evidence in a civil case?




                The way of addressing the readers is irrelevant. What matters is that the statements your affidavit (which is what you really should produce) be concise and unequivocal so that it is not discarded for purposes of fact-finding.



                Your affidavit will (or at least it should) be read by the judge, the jury, all parties/lawyers in the case, and (if the ruling of the case is appealed) judges in upper courts. Witnesses and other non-parties are also likely to read your testimony. In fact, you can only expect the defendant(s) through counsel(s) will dispute your credibility in their attempt to impeach/strike your testimony.






                share|improve this answer


























                  2












                  2








                  2








                  How should I address a statement to be presented as evidence in a civil case?




                  The way of addressing the readers is irrelevant. What matters is that the statements your affidavit (which is what you really should produce) be concise and unequivocal so that it is not discarded for purposes of fact-finding.



                  Your affidavit will (or at least it should) be read by the judge, the jury, all parties/lawyers in the case, and (if the ruling of the case is appealed) judges in upper courts. Witnesses and other non-parties are also likely to read your testimony. In fact, you can only expect the defendant(s) through counsel(s) will dispute your credibility in their attempt to impeach/strike your testimony.






                  share|improve this answer














                  How should I address a statement to be presented as evidence in a civil case?




                  The way of addressing the readers is irrelevant. What matters is that the statements your affidavit (which is what you really should produce) be concise and unequivocal so that it is not discarded for purposes of fact-finding.



                  Your affidavit will (or at least it should) be read by the judge, the jury, all parties/lawyers in the case, and (if the ruling of the case is appealed) judges in upper courts. Witnesses and other non-parties are also likely to read your testimony. In fact, you can only expect the defendant(s) through counsel(s) will dispute your credibility in their attempt to impeach/strike your testimony.







                  share|improve this answer












                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer










                  answered 5 hours ago









                  Iñaki ViggersIñaki Viggers

                  8,30721025




                  8,30721025























                      1














                      As the answer by Iñaki Viggers says, you should submit an affidavit, not simply a letter to the court. An unsworn letter will probably not be admissible at all.



                      It is common for a witness to tell his or her story to the lawyer for the side that wishes to use the affidavit, and for the lawyer to then draft the actual affidavit in such a way that it will be acceptable to the court where it will be used. Then the lawyer sends it to the affiant (the person who would be a witness if s/he came to court, who is making the affidavit) with instructions. Generally an affidavit must be notarized or otherwise sworn to in front of an appropriate official.



                      However, a person can draft his or her own affidavit. It is usual for it to be headed with the name and case number of the case where it will be used. It should include a statement that everything in it is true, and that the affiant swears (or affirms) this under penalty of perjury. It should include only relevant facts that the affiant has personally witnessed, not anything heard from anyone else, or guessed at or deduced.



                      The facts should be stated clearly and simply.



                      The affidavit should be signed in the presence of a notary, who will witness the signature and the oath that the contents are true.



                      This WikiHow page describes the process in detail, with a template form.






                      share|improve this answer




























                        1














                        As the answer by Iñaki Viggers says, you should submit an affidavit, not simply a letter to the court. An unsworn letter will probably not be admissible at all.



                        It is common for a witness to tell his or her story to the lawyer for the side that wishes to use the affidavit, and for the lawyer to then draft the actual affidavit in such a way that it will be acceptable to the court where it will be used. Then the lawyer sends it to the affiant (the person who would be a witness if s/he came to court, who is making the affidavit) with instructions. Generally an affidavit must be notarized or otherwise sworn to in front of an appropriate official.



                        However, a person can draft his or her own affidavit. It is usual for it to be headed with the name and case number of the case where it will be used. It should include a statement that everything in it is true, and that the affiant swears (or affirms) this under penalty of perjury. It should include only relevant facts that the affiant has personally witnessed, not anything heard from anyone else, or guessed at or deduced.



                        The facts should be stated clearly and simply.



                        The affidavit should be signed in the presence of a notary, who will witness the signature and the oath that the contents are true.



                        This WikiHow page describes the process in detail, with a template form.






                        share|improve this answer


























                          1












                          1








                          1







                          As the answer by Iñaki Viggers says, you should submit an affidavit, not simply a letter to the court. An unsworn letter will probably not be admissible at all.



                          It is common for a witness to tell his or her story to the lawyer for the side that wishes to use the affidavit, and for the lawyer to then draft the actual affidavit in such a way that it will be acceptable to the court where it will be used. Then the lawyer sends it to the affiant (the person who would be a witness if s/he came to court, who is making the affidavit) with instructions. Generally an affidavit must be notarized or otherwise sworn to in front of an appropriate official.



                          However, a person can draft his or her own affidavit. It is usual for it to be headed with the name and case number of the case where it will be used. It should include a statement that everything in it is true, and that the affiant swears (or affirms) this under penalty of perjury. It should include only relevant facts that the affiant has personally witnessed, not anything heard from anyone else, or guessed at or deduced.



                          The facts should be stated clearly and simply.



                          The affidavit should be signed in the presence of a notary, who will witness the signature and the oath that the contents are true.



                          This WikiHow page describes the process in detail, with a template form.






                          share|improve this answer













                          As the answer by Iñaki Viggers says, you should submit an affidavit, not simply a letter to the court. An unsworn letter will probably not be admissible at all.



                          It is common for a witness to tell his or her story to the lawyer for the side that wishes to use the affidavit, and for the lawyer to then draft the actual affidavit in such a way that it will be acceptable to the court where it will be used. Then the lawyer sends it to the affiant (the person who would be a witness if s/he came to court, who is making the affidavit) with instructions. Generally an affidavit must be notarized or otherwise sworn to in front of an appropriate official.



                          However, a person can draft his or her own affidavit. It is usual for it to be headed with the name and case number of the case where it will be used. It should include a statement that everything in it is true, and that the affiant swears (or affirms) this under penalty of perjury. It should include only relevant facts that the affiant has personally witnessed, not anything heard from anyone else, or guessed at or deduced.



                          The facts should be stated clearly and simply.



                          The affidavit should be signed in the presence of a notary, who will witness the signature and the oath that the contents are true.



                          This WikiHow page describes the process in detail, with a template form.







                          share|improve this answer












                          share|improve this answer



                          share|improve this answer










                          answered 4 hours ago









                          David SiegelDavid Siegel

                          11.3k2146




                          11.3k2146






















                              Hugo is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.










                              draft saved

                              draft discarded


















                              Hugo is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.













                              Hugo is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.












                              Hugo is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
















                              Thanks for contributing an answer to Law Stack Exchange!


                              • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

                              But avoid



                              • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

                              • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


                              To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




                              draft saved


                              draft discarded














                              StackExchange.ready(
                              function () {
                              StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2flaw.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f37685%2fwhat-is-the-standard-way-to-address-written-statements-presented-as-evidence-in%23new-answer', 'question_page');
                              }
                              );

                              Post as a guest















                              Required, but never shown





















































                              Required, but never shown














                              Required, but never shown












                              Required, but never shown







                              Required, but never shown

































                              Required, but never shown














                              Required, but never shown












                              Required, but never shown







                              Required, but never shown







                              Popular posts from this blog

                              “%fieldName is a required field.”, in Magento2 REST API Call for GET Method Type The Next...

                              How to change City field to a dropdown in Checkout step Magento 2Magento 2 : How to change UI field(s)...

                              變成蝙蝠會怎樣? 參考資料 外部連結 导航菜单Thomas Nagel, "What is it like to be a...