What do the dots in this tr command do: tr …A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< “JVPQBOV” (with 13 dots)what is the...
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What do the dots in this tr command do: tr …A-Z A-ZA-Z
what is the benefit of --squeeze-repeats in tr commandWhy can't tr read from /dev/urandom on OSX?broken pipe error with popen and JS ffiIs the historical Unix V5 tr command padding behavior of set2 different from what we consider today “classic” System V (1983-1988) behavior?Heirloom Toolchest tr: error(s) trying to delete the complement of a set containing a multibyte character?how to substitute minus sign with trPulling IP address from ping command with sed?Why does tr -sc 'A-Za-z' '[12*]' includes empty line?I cannot understand what -c parameter does in tr command in Ubuntu GNU/Linux even though I read the manualStrange behaviour of tr using ranges
.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty{ margin-bottom:0;
}
I want to use tr
to do some rot13 transformation. I can beautifully understand this command:
tr A-Za-z N-ZA-Mn-za-m <<< "URYC ZR CYRNFR"
which output is HELP ME PLEASE
, but I can't figure out how this other command can produce the same rot13 transformation:
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< "URYC ZR CYRNFR"
So I have two questions:
- What's the magic behind the second
tr
command? - How to make the second command work for both lower and upper case, just like the first command?
tr
New contributor
add a comment |
I want to use tr
to do some rot13 transformation. I can beautifully understand this command:
tr A-Za-z N-ZA-Mn-za-m <<< "URYC ZR CYRNFR"
which output is HELP ME PLEASE
, but I can't figure out how this other command can produce the same rot13 transformation:
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< "URYC ZR CYRNFR"
So I have two questions:
- What's the magic behind the second
tr
command? - How to make the second command work for both lower and upper case, just like the first command?
tr
New contributor
(count the dots)
– Michael Homer
2 hours ago
I know there's 13 dots. What I wanna know is how it works. There's no explanation about dots in the manual
– Frederico Oliveira
2 hours ago
1
you had better hope you don't run into a dot in your input text
– iruvar
2 hours ago
add a comment |
I want to use tr
to do some rot13 transformation. I can beautifully understand this command:
tr A-Za-z N-ZA-Mn-za-m <<< "URYC ZR CYRNFR"
which output is HELP ME PLEASE
, but I can't figure out how this other command can produce the same rot13 transformation:
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< "URYC ZR CYRNFR"
So I have two questions:
- What's the magic behind the second
tr
command? - How to make the second command work for both lower and upper case, just like the first command?
tr
New contributor
I want to use tr
to do some rot13 transformation. I can beautifully understand this command:
tr A-Za-z N-ZA-Mn-za-m <<< "URYC ZR CYRNFR"
which output is HELP ME PLEASE
, but I can't figure out how this other command can produce the same rot13 transformation:
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< "URYC ZR CYRNFR"
So I have two questions:
- What's the magic behind the second
tr
command? - How to make the second command work for both lower and upper case, just like the first command?
tr
tr
New contributor
New contributor
edited 2 hours ago
Michael Homer
50.6k8140177
50.6k8140177
New contributor
asked 3 hours ago
Frederico OliveiraFrederico Oliveira
242
242
New contributor
New contributor
(count the dots)
– Michael Homer
2 hours ago
I know there's 13 dots. What I wanna know is how it works. There's no explanation about dots in the manual
– Frederico Oliveira
2 hours ago
1
you had better hope you don't run into a dot in your input text
– iruvar
2 hours ago
add a comment |
(count the dots)
– Michael Homer
2 hours ago
I know there's 13 dots. What I wanna know is how it works. There's no explanation about dots in the manual
– Frederico Oliveira
2 hours ago
1
you had better hope you don't run into a dot in your input text
– iruvar
2 hours ago
(count the dots)
– Michael Homer
2 hours ago
(count the dots)
– Michael Homer
2 hours ago
I know there's 13 dots. What I wanna know is how it works. There's no explanation about dots in the manual
– Frederico Oliveira
2 hours ago
I know there's 13 dots. What I wanna know is how it works. There's no explanation about dots in the manual
– Frederico Oliveira
2 hours ago
1
1
you had better hope you don't run into a dot in your input text
– iruvar
2 hours ago
you had better hope you don't run into a dot in your input text
– iruvar
2 hours ago
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
It works as follows:
SET1-> .............ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
SET2-> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLM
So tr
will translate SET1
to SET2
.
This is equivalent to first one because it is also shifting by 13
units as there 13 dots.
add a comment |
Ok, so thanks to @Prvt_Yadv I was able to understand the dots. Here's the first question answer:
What's the magic behind the second
tr
command?
The dots are replaced by a sequence of letters starting from a
to the number of dots. So
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z
will translate to tr A-MA-Z A-ZA-Z
In this case the sets are:
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
But since the beginning of both sets are identical until letter M
, this part is discarded becoming then
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> NOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
But since the first set already contains all 26 letters and set2 has repeating trailing letter, those are discarded too, finally becoming
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> NOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLM
Which is the rot13 substitution and identical to the first command (except for not dealing with lower cases here). The same logic can be applied for the title of the question:
tr ...A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< “JVPQBOV”
would become tr A-CA-Z A-ZA-Z <<< “JVPQBOV”
The sets being:
SET1 -> ABCABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
Discarding the initial identical sequence and the trailing repeating letters they become:
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> DEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZABC
Which is the rot3 substitution.
Now for the second question:
How to make the second command work for both lower and upper case, just like the first command?
The dots are substituted by a sequence of letter of the same case as the next sequence. That means that tr .....A-Z
will translate to tr A-EA-Z
whereas tr .....a-z
will translate to tr a-ea-z
. But the dots only work before the literal sequence, not after. So the immediate solution idea tr .....A-Z.....a-z
won't work, because it will not translate to tr A-EA-Za-ea-z
. The only reliable way to make it work is to use two tr
commands as follow
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< "ABJ V hqrefgnaq" | tr .............a-z a-za-z
Now it works for both upper and lower case :)
A caveat to using the dots substitution was gave by @iruvar: this command will not work as expected when the input stings has dots. So the following command won't print T.h.a.n.k.s.
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< "G.u.n.a.x.f." | tr .............a-z a-za-z
It will print TMhMaMnMkMsM
instead, substituting the dots to M
New contributor
add a comment |
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2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
It works as follows:
SET1-> .............ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
SET2-> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLM
So tr
will translate SET1
to SET2
.
This is equivalent to first one because it is also shifting by 13
units as there 13 dots.
add a comment |
It works as follows:
SET1-> .............ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
SET2-> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLM
So tr
will translate SET1
to SET2
.
This is equivalent to first one because it is also shifting by 13
units as there 13 dots.
add a comment |
It works as follows:
SET1-> .............ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
SET2-> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLM
So tr
will translate SET1
to SET2
.
This is equivalent to first one because it is also shifting by 13
units as there 13 dots.
It works as follows:
SET1-> .............ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
SET2-> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLM
So tr
will translate SET1
to SET2
.
This is equivalent to first one because it is also shifting by 13
units as there 13 dots.
answered 2 hours ago
Prvt_YadvPrvt_Yadv
3,08631329
3,08631329
add a comment |
add a comment |
Ok, so thanks to @Prvt_Yadv I was able to understand the dots. Here's the first question answer:
What's the magic behind the second
tr
command?
The dots are replaced by a sequence of letters starting from a
to the number of dots. So
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z
will translate to tr A-MA-Z A-ZA-Z
In this case the sets are:
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
But since the beginning of both sets are identical until letter M
, this part is discarded becoming then
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> NOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
But since the first set already contains all 26 letters and set2 has repeating trailing letter, those are discarded too, finally becoming
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> NOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLM
Which is the rot13 substitution and identical to the first command (except for not dealing with lower cases here). The same logic can be applied for the title of the question:
tr ...A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< “JVPQBOV”
would become tr A-CA-Z A-ZA-Z <<< “JVPQBOV”
The sets being:
SET1 -> ABCABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
Discarding the initial identical sequence and the trailing repeating letters they become:
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> DEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZABC
Which is the rot3 substitution.
Now for the second question:
How to make the second command work for both lower and upper case, just like the first command?
The dots are substituted by a sequence of letter of the same case as the next sequence. That means that tr .....A-Z
will translate to tr A-EA-Z
whereas tr .....a-z
will translate to tr a-ea-z
. But the dots only work before the literal sequence, not after. So the immediate solution idea tr .....A-Z.....a-z
won't work, because it will not translate to tr A-EA-Za-ea-z
. The only reliable way to make it work is to use two tr
commands as follow
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< "ABJ V hqrefgnaq" | tr .............a-z a-za-z
Now it works for both upper and lower case :)
A caveat to using the dots substitution was gave by @iruvar: this command will not work as expected when the input stings has dots. So the following command won't print T.h.a.n.k.s.
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< "G.u.n.a.x.f." | tr .............a-z a-za-z
It will print TMhMaMnMkMsM
instead, substituting the dots to M
New contributor
add a comment |
Ok, so thanks to @Prvt_Yadv I was able to understand the dots. Here's the first question answer:
What's the magic behind the second
tr
command?
The dots are replaced by a sequence of letters starting from a
to the number of dots. So
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z
will translate to tr A-MA-Z A-ZA-Z
In this case the sets are:
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
But since the beginning of both sets are identical until letter M
, this part is discarded becoming then
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> NOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
But since the first set already contains all 26 letters and set2 has repeating trailing letter, those are discarded too, finally becoming
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> NOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLM
Which is the rot13 substitution and identical to the first command (except for not dealing with lower cases here). The same logic can be applied for the title of the question:
tr ...A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< “JVPQBOV”
would become tr A-CA-Z A-ZA-Z <<< “JVPQBOV”
The sets being:
SET1 -> ABCABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
Discarding the initial identical sequence and the trailing repeating letters they become:
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> DEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZABC
Which is the rot3 substitution.
Now for the second question:
How to make the second command work for both lower and upper case, just like the first command?
The dots are substituted by a sequence of letter of the same case as the next sequence. That means that tr .....A-Z
will translate to tr A-EA-Z
whereas tr .....a-z
will translate to tr a-ea-z
. But the dots only work before the literal sequence, not after. So the immediate solution idea tr .....A-Z.....a-z
won't work, because it will not translate to tr A-EA-Za-ea-z
. The only reliable way to make it work is to use two tr
commands as follow
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< "ABJ V hqrefgnaq" | tr .............a-z a-za-z
Now it works for both upper and lower case :)
A caveat to using the dots substitution was gave by @iruvar: this command will not work as expected when the input stings has dots. So the following command won't print T.h.a.n.k.s.
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< "G.u.n.a.x.f." | tr .............a-z a-za-z
It will print TMhMaMnMkMsM
instead, substituting the dots to M
New contributor
add a comment |
Ok, so thanks to @Prvt_Yadv I was able to understand the dots. Here's the first question answer:
What's the magic behind the second
tr
command?
The dots are replaced by a sequence of letters starting from a
to the number of dots. So
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z
will translate to tr A-MA-Z A-ZA-Z
In this case the sets are:
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
But since the beginning of both sets are identical until letter M
, this part is discarded becoming then
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> NOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
But since the first set already contains all 26 letters and set2 has repeating trailing letter, those are discarded too, finally becoming
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> NOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLM
Which is the rot13 substitution and identical to the first command (except for not dealing with lower cases here). The same logic can be applied for the title of the question:
tr ...A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< “JVPQBOV”
would become tr A-CA-Z A-ZA-Z <<< “JVPQBOV”
The sets being:
SET1 -> ABCABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
Discarding the initial identical sequence and the trailing repeating letters they become:
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> DEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZABC
Which is the rot3 substitution.
Now for the second question:
How to make the second command work for both lower and upper case, just like the first command?
The dots are substituted by a sequence of letter of the same case as the next sequence. That means that tr .....A-Z
will translate to tr A-EA-Z
whereas tr .....a-z
will translate to tr a-ea-z
. But the dots only work before the literal sequence, not after. So the immediate solution idea tr .....A-Z.....a-z
won't work, because it will not translate to tr A-EA-Za-ea-z
. The only reliable way to make it work is to use two tr
commands as follow
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< "ABJ V hqrefgnaq" | tr .............a-z a-za-z
Now it works for both upper and lower case :)
A caveat to using the dots substitution was gave by @iruvar: this command will not work as expected when the input stings has dots. So the following command won't print T.h.a.n.k.s.
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< "G.u.n.a.x.f." | tr .............a-z a-za-z
It will print TMhMaMnMkMsM
instead, substituting the dots to M
New contributor
Ok, so thanks to @Prvt_Yadv I was able to understand the dots. Here's the first question answer:
What's the magic behind the second
tr
command?
The dots are replaced by a sequence of letters starting from a
to the number of dots. So
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z
will translate to tr A-MA-Z A-ZA-Z
In this case the sets are:
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
But since the beginning of both sets are identical until letter M
, this part is discarded becoming then
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> NOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
But since the first set already contains all 26 letters and set2 has repeating trailing letter, those are discarded too, finally becoming
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> NOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLM
Which is the rot13 substitution and identical to the first command (except for not dealing with lower cases here). The same logic can be applied for the title of the question:
tr ...A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< “JVPQBOV”
would become tr A-CA-Z A-ZA-Z <<< “JVPQBOV”
The sets being:
SET1 -> ABCABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
Discarding the initial identical sequence and the trailing repeating letters they become:
SET1 -> ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZ
SET2 -> DEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXWYZABC
Which is the rot3 substitution.
Now for the second question:
How to make the second command work for both lower and upper case, just like the first command?
The dots are substituted by a sequence of letter of the same case as the next sequence. That means that tr .....A-Z
will translate to tr A-EA-Z
whereas tr .....a-z
will translate to tr a-ea-z
. But the dots only work before the literal sequence, not after. So the immediate solution idea tr .....A-Z.....a-z
won't work, because it will not translate to tr A-EA-Za-ea-z
. The only reliable way to make it work is to use two tr
commands as follow
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< "ABJ V hqrefgnaq" | tr .............a-z a-za-z
Now it works for both upper and lower case :)
A caveat to using the dots substitution was gave by @iruvar: this command will not work as expected when the input stings has dots. So the following command won't print T.h.a.n.k.s.
tr .............A-Z A-ZA-Z <<< "G.u.n.a.x.f." | tr .............a-z a-za-z
It will print TMhMaMnMkMsM
instead, substituting the dots to M
New contributor
edited 1 hour ago
New contributor
answered 1 hour ago
Frederico OliveiraFrederico Oliveira
242
242
New contributor
New contributor
add a comment |
add a comment |
Frederico Oliveira is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Frederico Oliveira is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Frederico Oliveira is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Frederico Oliveira is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
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(count the dots)
– Michael Homer
2 hours ago
I know there's 13 dots. What I wanna know is how it works. There's no explanation about dots in the manual
– Frederico Oliveira
2 hours ago
1
you had better hope you don't run into a dot in your input text
– iruvar
2 hours ago