大氣河流 參考來源 导航菜单研究「空中河流」的飛行傳感器氣象學:...
氣候
水蒸氣鳳梨夏威夷群島
大氣河流是大氣中由高濃度水蒸氣形成的狹窄區域。大氣河流經由狹窄通路輸送水蒸氣,通常沿著大面積的分散表面空氣流動的邊界,包括與在海洋上形成的熱帶氣旋相關的一些額外區域。[1][2][3][4][5][6]鳳梨急流是最知名的大氣河流,因從盛產鳳梨的夏威夷群島將水氣帶到美國西岸而得名。[7][8]
參考來源
^ 研究「空中河流」的飛行傳感器
^ 氣象學: 通過「大氣河流」進行早期洪澇預報[永久失效連結]
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^ Zhu, Yong; Reginald E. Newell. A Proposed Algorithm for Moisture Fluxes from Atmospheric Rivers. Monthly Weather Review. 1998, 126 (3): 725–735. Bibcode:1998MWRv..126..725Z. ISSN 1520-0493. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<0725:APAFMF>2.0.CO;2.
^ Kerr, Richard A. Rivers in the Sky Are Flooding The World With Tropical Waters (PDF). Science. 28 July 2006, 313 (5786): 435. PMID 16873624. doi:10.1126/science.313.5786.435.
^ White, Allen B.; 等. The NOAA coastal atmospheric river observatory. 34th Conference on Radar Meteorology. 2009-10-08.
^ Dettinger, Michael. Climate Change, Atmospheric Rivers, and Floods in California – A Multimodel Analysis of Storm Frequency and Magnitude Changes1. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 2011-06-01, 47 (3): 514–523. Bibcode:2011JAWRA..47..514D. ISSN 1752-1688. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00546.x (英语).
^ Dettinger, Michael D.; Ralph, Fred Martin; Das, Tapash; Neiman, Paul J.; Cayan, Daniel R. Atmospheric Rivers, Floods and the Water Resources of California. Water. 2011-03-24, 3 (2): 445–478. doi:10.3390/w3020445 (英语).